Biology English

 

Engineering for Innovation: Issues, Challenges, and Opportunities

Oleh: Novika Eriahta Sitepu (2015150003)

Prosperity and economic development are not distributed equally over the world. In addition, there are new challenges for all of us. Our society is facing problems, which, to some degree, have been caused by developments for which we are responsible: the depletion of natural resources, environmental problems and climate change. Talented engineers are needed to provide solutions for these problems through greater efficiency in production processes and transportation systems, new sustainable energy sources, more efficient use of materials, the recovery of materials from waste.

There is growing demand for engineering talent from a growing and developing global population. And the nature of engineering is changing. Engineering has always been multidisciplinary in nature, combining physics, chemistry and mathematics with creative design, invention and innovation, but its scope is increasing. Engineers, more and more, have to be aware of the social and environmental impacts of technology, and have to work in complex teams, interacting and cooperating with society.

The main problem we have here is climate change. The earth getting warm, temperatures and sea levels rise, natural disasters are more common. Emissions increase through the use of electricity, transportation, industry, deforestation, building, etc. The temperature increases to 1.5°C. Animals and plants will become extinct due to being unable to survive the hot temperature that increase to 4°C. Global warming is predominantly due to human and the natural disaster that follow, such as flood, landslide, avalanche, drought, wildfires, tornado, and storm.

As we know, the southeast Asia area is one of those that experienced a high increase in heat due to human influence. For example, per capita energy consumption in Indonesia is not the highest in the world, but if you look at the increase from 1965 it can be seen that per capita energy consumption is always increasing. Energy consumption in Indonesia has increased by 909% from 1965 to 2021. The main sources of energy in Indonesia until 2021 are still focused on coal, oil, and gas. Indonesia and its participation in increasing temperature through electricity emission is one of the highest in the world. Carbon emissions from electricity have increase by 14% in 21 years. 

To reduce the severity of global warming, we can start to using renewable energy. Indonesia's renewable resources have the potential to produce more tahn 400 GW of powe. For example, in Indonesia we can start to use:

1. Wind Turbin: using open lands that have potentials as wind farms, such as the North Coast which is located in Jakarta.
2. Hydro Turbin: using large rivers that have the potential as hydroelectric power, such as Kayan and Mamberamo river.
3. Solar: using open areas or private land to became solar farm, such as roofs or shared land that is planned as regional solar farm.

To achieve a healthy ecosystem we must create architecture that is able to support the sustainability of our earth. we can take advantage of architecture in various fields, such as:

1. Architecture and Health: a healthy building guarantees the user's health both physically and mentally. Associated with sick building syndrome.
2. Architecture and Technology: not focus on smart technology, but on its relationship with renewable energy as the main source of building operations.
3. Architecture and Ecosystem: focused on the function of the building as a place that invites animals to also live in the building area. Expanding the animal living area.

Together with applied science and engineering, architecture can be deepened through the influence of the need for animal and plant habitats in building areas on the planning of a green area, such as vertical gardens, roof gardens, terrace gardens, etc.

written to fulfill the assignment of English Biology course